Some people eat, sleep and chew gum, I do genealogy and write...

Wednesday, August 26, 2026

Why I Use Google Gemini to Help with Writing my Blog Posts

 


What I have learned over the past years is that I have a tendency to skip words and misspell a lot of words. Even when I proofread my documents, for some built-in reason I cannot see the errors. For many years, I have been relying on spell checkers and grammar checkers to correct what I say. However, with Google Gemini, I can take this assistance to a much higher level. Because my typing ability is degenerating over time, I also have moved to dictating with voice transcription almost everything I write. However, this causes a problem because the way I speak is more colloquial and not as polished as my writing should be. Here is an example. I dictated the above sentence using Wispr Flow. Now I am going to ask my Gemini assistant to review my paragraph for spelling and grammar and accuracy. Here is the product of my prompt. 

Over the decades I have spent researching, writing, and teaching, the physical mechanics of how we get our thoughts onto the page have changed dramatically. We have moved from typewriters and carbon paper to word processors, and now to advanced digital workspaces. Along the way, our physical limitations and habits inevitably catch up with us. Over the years, I have noticed a persistent tendency in my own work to skip words or misspell terms, and even during a careful self-proofreading pass, the mind often sees what it intended to write rather than what is actually on the screen. For a long time, standard spell checkers and basic grammar tools offered a helpful safety net, but they were limited to rigid dictionary lookups and simplistic syntax rules that frequently missed the real context of a thought.

As typing becomes more physically demanding over time, adapting our workflow is essential rather than optional. Moving toward voice dictation tools like Wispr Flow has transformed how quickly and easily I can capture ideas, but speaking naturally introduces a distinct set of challenges. Spoken language is inherently colloquial, full of conversational shortcuts, loose phrasing, and informal cadence that does not always translate cleanly into the polished, structured prose required for published research, case studies, or instructional articles. Dictation solves the mechanical problem of typing, but it leaves the editing and refinement stage wide open.

This is precisely where modern artificial intelligence tools like Google Gemini provide practical value. Rather than functioning merely as an aggressive red pen, an AI assistant can be used as a sophisticated editorial partner that bridges the gap between raw, dictated speech and coherent written analysis. When you feed a spoken draft into a language model and ask for an evaluation of spelling, grammar, clarity, and structural flow, it evaluates the passage in full context. It identifies dropped words, straightens out winding colloquial sentences, and flags ambiguous phrasing without stripping away the writer’s original meaning.

However, utilizing an AI assistant in your writing workflow requires the same discipline we apply to documentary evidence: trust, but verify. These tools are assistants, not substitutes for critical thinking. When reviewing the output generated from a prompt, you must read the suggestions critically, ensuring that the tool has preserved your authentic perspective and has not introduced unintended distortions or hallucinations. Use voice transcription to get your thoughts down freely without physical strain, leverage AI to refine and polish the mechanics, and always give the final piece a rigorous manual review before sharing your work.

Yes, this is what was written from what I dictated in my first paragraph. Here is a copy of the prompt that I used. 

# Role & Persona
You are an expert genealogy educator, researcher, and tech columnist writing in the authentic, authoritative, and practical first-person narrative voice of James Tanner from *Genealogy’s Star* (https://genealogysstar.blogspot.com/).

# Core Philosophy & Tone
* **Voice:** Practical, direct, experienced, tech-forward, and encouraging yet realistic. Avoid hype, fluff, marketing jargon, and sensationalism.
* **The Core Bridge:** Emphasize sound evidentiary methodology (original source records, careful citation, critical evaluation) while embracing modern digital and AI tools as aids—never substitutes—for sound research.
* **Format & Style:** 
  * Write in an essay/narrative style with smooth paragraph transitions.
  * Avoid fragmented listicles, excessive bold topic headers, or artificial corporate section titles.
  * Write with the perspective of someone who has spent decades in libraries, archives, and digital repositories, understanding both the pitfalls beginners face and the nuances advanced researchers care about.

# Task
Write a comprehensive, engaging blog post based on the source link(s) or summary provided below.

# Article Architecture
1. **Contextual Lead:** Open with a thoughtful reflection on how the technological or methodological landscape in genealogy is evolving.
2. **The Core Topic/Tool:** Introduce the specific tool, dataset, platform update, or methodology found in the source material.
3. **Practical Application & Analysis:** Discuss how researchers should practically use it, highlighting both its strengths and where it requires caution (e.g., verifying against original documents, avoiding common assumptions).
4. **Conclusion/Takeaway:** Conclude with practical advice on what the reader should do next in their own research.

# Input Data 

[PASTE YOUR LINKS, NOTES, OR SOURCE TEXT HERE] 

This is a third-generation prompt, meaning that I had an initial draft. I had Gemini critique it and rewrite it, and then critique it and rewrite it again.   you might notice, but it does right in my style.  reviewing the rewrite from Gemini, I find very little to criticize or change.  this is, of course, the time necessary to review it, read it carefully, and make any changes I think are necessary.

in any event, I use the following as a notice that what I have written has been reviewed or altered by Gemini. 

The content of this blog post has been reviewed  for accuracy and content by Google Gemini.

Tuesday, August 25, 2026

Legacy Family Tree Webinars introduces Learning Paths

Read the full announcement on the Legacy Family Tree Blog

Over the years, I have given a number of presentations for Legacy Family Tree Webinars. They have a family tree webinars section with an extensive number of high-quality presentations. It has increased its global influence by becoming part of MyHeritage.com

With a library now exceeding 2,700 genealogy webinars, finding a specific entry point or structured educational sequence on Legacy Family Tree Webinars has presented a logistical challenge for many researchers. To address the sheer volume of available content, the platform has introduced a new organizational tool called Learning Paths.

Designed to function as short, focused courses, Learning Paths consolidate three to six related webinars into a logically sequenced curriculum. The initial rollout includes over 100 pre-created paths organized by subject matter. The curated sequences guide researchers from foundational concepts—such as beginning family history and understanding DNA estimates—to advanced applications like resolving conflicting evidence or incorporating artificial intelligence into a research workflow.

To streamline navigation, the paths are categorized by experience level, methodology, historical record types, and specific geographic regions, including various U.S. states, Canadian provinces, and European countries.

Beyond the pre-constructed options, the platform also offers a custom building tool. The "Build Your Own Learning Path" feature allows users to select any webinars from the broader catalog and organize them into personalized study plans. A highly practical function of this tool is its shareability. Genealogists can distribute their custom-curated lists to local genealogical societies, special interest groups, or family members, facilitating collaborative learning or guiding relatives through introductory topics.

The new feature includes an integrated progress tracker to help users manage their viewing history and resume their studies efficiently. Upon completing a path, the system generates a printable certificate of completion.

Enrolling in the paths, utilizing the custom builder, tracking progress, and generating certificates are available at no cost to all users. However, access to the video content itself continues to follow the site's existing model: webinars designated as free remain accessible to the public, while viewing any members-only videos within a path requires an active Webinar Membership.

See this presentation also: Introducing Learning Paths at Legacy Family Tree Webinars

This post was created, in part, with assistance from Google Gemini.

Monday, August 24, 2026

Introduction to the FamilySearch Help Center

 

https://youtu.be/StO6PCVtEpw?si=mL1IINrl1MlqDKr6

Navigating a platform as expansive as FamilySearch can feel daunting, but the built-in Help Center is designed to guide researchers through every stage of their family history journey. In this instructional presentation from the BYU Library Family History Center, I provide a clear, comprehensive walkthrough of the Help Center’s vast features and resources. Viewers will discover how to access self-paced learning modules, search thousands of instructional articles, and utilize tailored research pathways designed for both beginners and seasoned genealogists.  

Beyond basic search tools, this video explores deeper support layers, including the Learning Center’s country-specific research guides, technical skill lessons, and the interactive FamilySearch Community. Tanner also outlines key support avenues—such as specialized helper tools for consultants and direct contact options with FamilySearch specialists—giving you the skills and confidence to solve tricky genealogical problems and make continuous progress on your family tree. 

The BYU Library Family History Center classes will be discontinued after August 30, 2026. The videos here on YouTube and on youtube.com will remain active for an unspecified period of time. For more rare information, see the link below. 

https://familyhistory.lib.byu.edu/online-learning-update

You can view my own YouTube channel using the link on Genealogy's Star Blog, this blog.

As noted on the video itself, some of the images in this video were AI-generated. Additionally, I use AI for drafting, spell-checking, and conciseness for some parts of my blog. 


BYU Library Family History Center Sunday Classes and Webinars Discontinued

 


Yes, this says exactly what it means. The Sunday classes and webinars during the week are now canceled. I suggest you click on the above link and read the entire statement. The statement contains links to the following: 

When you read this blog, you should now see a link to my YouTube channel. https://www.youtube.com/@jamestanner45

If you need to talk to me directly, I suggest we use the BYU Library Family History Center Virtual Help Desk. This gives us unlimited time to speak in a breakout room and also for me to talk to a number of people at the same time. You can make an appointment by contacting the library or contacting me directly at genealogyarizona@gmail.com This address has been genealogyarizona@gmail.com for many years, and I have passed out thousands of cards with the email address. 

Please click on the library's explanation link above and check out my YouTube Channel.

Thanks for you patience in this change. 


MyHeritage adds Y-DNA to trace your paternal line back

https://blog.myheritage.com/2026/08/new-on-myheritage-trace-your-paternal-line-back-thousands-of-years-with-y-dna/

For years, genetic genealogy platforms have largely separated autosomal testing—used for finding cousins across recent generations—from direct-line Y-DNA testing, which traces direct paternal lineages deep into human history. MyHeritage has bridged this divide by integrating baseline Y-DNA haplogroup reports directly into its existing testing database. Existing male MyHeritage DNA customers and eligible raw data uploads can generate baseline Y-DNA results without submitting a new sample. However, access to the reports is only included at no additional charge for users holding an active MyHeritage Complete or Omni plan. The MyHeritage Complete plan presently has a promotional first year price of $199 and then an annual renewal price of $299. The Omni Plan's promotional first year price is $239 and then $399 thereafter.

The Omni Plan is MyHeritage's all-inclusive bundle. It adds access to external properties owned by MyHeritage, specifically historical newspapers via OldNews.com, collaborative tree tools on Geni Pro, and the entire library of 2,000+ educational sessions on FamilyTreeWebinars.com.  

Because the analysis relies on the limited Y-chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) captured during standard microarray autosomal testing, the resulting haplogroups represent broad, ancestral branches—often dating back to the Middle Ages or earlier. For researchers seeking high-resolution matching and sub-clade identification within recent genealogical timeframes (the past several hundred years), MyHeritage offers an integrated pathway to upgrade directly to FamilyTreeDNA’s Big Y-700 next-generation sequencing test. The FamilyTreeDNA Big Y-700 test is presently $399. These prices may change. 

The newly introduced feature extracts Y-chromosome markers already present in the raw data of biological male test-takers, eliminating the need to submit a new sample. Developed in partnership with FamilyTreeDNA, the analysis assigns qualifying users a foundational Y haplogroup and places their lineage on the broader human paternal phylogenetic tree.

Once activated through account settings, the tool provides five core reports:

  • Haplogroup Story: An overview of the lineage’s classification, accompanied by historical context, a branch diagram, and badges outlining key lineage characteristics.

  • Migration Map: A geographical model plotting estimated ancestral migration paths originating from early human populations in Africa, including divergence points for parent and sibling branches.

  • Notable and Ancient Connections: Side-by-side historical comparisons linking a user’s lineage to notable historical figures and ancient DNA samples recovered from archaeological excavation sites.

  • Country Frequency: A distribution breakdown based on comparative testing databases and academic studies, illustrating where specific haplogroups are most frequently reported worldwide.

These feature may change from the first introduced features. 

Regarding data handling, MyHeritage confirmed that the underlying computational models are licensed from FamilyTreeDNA but executed entirely within the MyHeritage infrastructure; user raw genetic data is not transferred to third-party databases during processing.

Access to the Y-DNA reporting suite is available immediately to male test-takers with active MyHeritage Complete or Omni subscriptions. Female users wishing to explore their direct paternal lineage will need to test a qualifying direct male relative, such as a father, brother, or paternal uncle.

This blog post was written with the assistance of Google Gemini. The post has been checked for accuracy. 

The Changing World of AI -- Tokens and Users

 

If you are wondering how to compare the various AI websites that have sprouted up over the last four years or so, there is a common way to do this. The most common comparison involves the amount of information, and to some extent the amount of detail and helpfulness of AI websites' responses. The comparisons are based on the total amount of information the AI chatbots have available. Tokens are the basic units of data (pieces of words, characters, or syllables) that the model processes at one time for input (your prompt) and output (its answer). Roughly, 1,000 tokens equal about 750 words.  See What are tokens and how to count them? 

The number of tokens available makes a substantial difference across three main areas: the context window (input/working memory), the output limit (generation size), and cost/speed. The following explanations came from Google Gemini. 

Context Window (Working Memory): The maximum input token limit determines how much information an AI can analyze at once. A small window (e.g., 4k–8k tokens) limits you to brief queries, while a massive window (e.g., 128k to 1M+ tokens) allows you to feed in entire books, hundreds of pages of legal transcripts, extensive codebases, or complex multi-document archives without the AI "forgetting" earlier context.

Output Generation Limits: The maximum output token capacity dictates how long a single response can be. If an AI has a 4,000-token output limit, it cannot generate a complete 30-page document in a single pass; it will cut off mid-sentence once that threshold is reached.

Cost and Billing (APIs): For developers and API users, token volume directly drives pricing. Every token sent (prompt) and received (completion) is metered. A larger token budget means higher processing costs.

Back to Me:

What this means to a user is that the more complicated the requests that are made to the AI, the greater the cost. But the AI websites have a tiered subscription cost based on the amount of information processed or tokens used.

A comparison of the value of the AI website subscription could be made using a cost/token breakdown. However, consumer subscriptions are usually based on a flat monthly rate with usage caps. But comparisons can be made through the cost versus rate caps. High-end users work through an Application Programming Interface or API and are charged based on input and output tokens. Here is a table that Gemini generated showing the rate caps, reset windows, and soft limits of the most popular websites. 

Provider / Plan ($20/mo)Standard Chat Rate CapReasoning / Deep Thought LimitsContext Window on WebWhat Happens When Capped?
ChatGPT Plus (OpenAI)~150–160 messages every 3 rolling hoursStrict separate allowances for dedicated reasoning modes (e.g., weekly/daily limits)~32k to 128k tokens depending on modelAutomatically throttles down to a lighter "mini" model until the 3-hour window resets.
Gemini Advanced (Google)High soft cap (rarely hits a hard message wall in regular chat)Dynamic limits based on server load when using extended thinking/analysis1M to 2M tokens (ingests massive documents/books directly in the web UI)Temporary slowdown / cooldown notice; drops to standard Flash models if server capacity is tight.
Claude Pro (Anthropic)Dynamic 5-hour rolling pool (~45 messages for long threads; more for short chats)"Thinking Mode" burns through your 5-hour budget significantly faster200k to 1M tokensHard block until the 5-hour rolling reset window expires.
Microsoft Copilot Pro~100–300 turns/day (integrated across 365 and web)"Think Deeper" runs at slower speeds during peak hoursTypically capped around 32k–128k tokensSlows to standard processing speed or caps conversation turn depth.


Again, from Gemini:
Core Mechanics That Dictate Limits

Conversation Depth Depletion (Claude): Anthropic calculates limits based on total token volume sent. Because Claude resends the entire conversation history with every new message, long conversations or large file uploads consume your 5-hour quota much faster than starting fresh chats. 
Fixed Time Windows (ChatGPT): OpenAI uses rolling 3-hour windows for general chat, making it predictable for burst work, but caps reasoning models with much stricter weekly or daily quotas.

Context Capacity (Gemini): Gemini offers the largest context window for consumers on the web (up to 2 million tokens), allowing entire archives or hours of video to be uploaded in a single prompt without immediately triggering rate limits.
Back to Me:

If you are a casual user of any of these websites using the free versions, it is possible that you have not encountered any data limitations. But a genealogist, for example, can run into an immediate token limit by asking one of the AI websites to transcribe or explain a long, difficult document. What is disturbing is that the lack of a token buffer can cause the AI chatbot to hallucinate or make up information. See Why Language Models Hallucinate.

If you doubt the accuracy of any of the AI output, I suggest you take time to learn how to ask questions and generate prompts. See How to Improve Any Prompt.

Another suggestion is that you spend time using your AI to explain the terms and conclusions of this blog post. 

Saturday, August 15, 2026

A Major Update of Keep or throw away: the challenge of genealogical documents and photos

 

Over the past few weeks, we have spent a considerable amount of time working through tens of thousands of documents and photos and trying to reduce the number of documents and photos we save to a manageable one or two boxes for my and the same number for my wife. This post is a sequel to the earlier post called "Keep or Throw Away: The Challenge of Genealogical Documents and Photos." The key to this reduction is that thousands of the original documents were scanned and now reside on three large (16 - 22 TB) hard drives. One of those essentially duplicate hard drives in addition to my main computer are also backed up to the internet on https://www.backblaze.com/. Some of the documents, such as original journals, will also be offered to the BYU Harold B. Lee Library Special Collections

There are still some major decisions that need to be made. The main issue deals with original photos and original handwritten letters. All the photos can be digitized, and all of the handwritten letters can also be digitized. The issue is: which of these two categories of oath should be preserved as physical documents? 

Even when we are able to make the decisions and have decided on the original physical documents to be preserved, including letters, photos, certificates, and other historical artifacts, we will still need to work through the thousands and thousands of digital files. I certainly realize that most genealogists are not confronted with either the diversity or quantity of documents that were given to me over the last, going on, 45 years. 

One of the main issues is that, over the time period that we have been accumulating these documents, I have had virtually no contact from any of my vast number of relatives asking if I have the documents and if they are available for review. One tactic my wife has used is to take piles of the documents to family gatherings and offer to let anyone at the gathering take some of the original documents. Of course, all the documents offered have already been digitized also. 

Over the next few weeks, I intend to highlight and explain some of the interesting documents I have "discovered" while working through the piles. Here is an initial. example.


 this is a graduation certificate for my grandfather, and it is about three feet square.

Stay tuned for further developments.