Some people eat, sleep and chew gum, I do genealogy and write...

Thursday, November 13, 2025

Do we need specialized prompts when using AI for genealogical research?


 Artificial Intelligence has generated its own jargon or special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand. Jargon is used to exclude outsiders from insiders and can evolve into almost a complete language such as the one used by medical doctors and lawyers. Here is a list generated by Google Gemini showing some of the jargon terms that are regularly used in conjunction with AI:

  • AI (Artificial Intelligence) - The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines.

  • Machine Learning (ML) - A subset of AI where systems "learn" from data and make decisions.

  • Deep Learning (DL) - A subset of ML using deep Artificial Neural Networks to analyze complex data.

  • Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - A computing system inspired by the human brain's interconnected neurons.

  • Algorithm - A set of rules a computer follows to complete a task.

  • Training Data - The dataset used to teach an AI model.

  • Bias - Errors in AI output resulting from skewed training data.

  • Alignment - Ensuring an AI model's goals and actions match human values.

  • Generative AI (GenAI) - AI that creates new content (text, images, video).

  • Large Language Model (LLM) - A deep learning model trained on massive text for understanding and generating language.

  • Prompt - The user's text input to an AI system.

  • Prompt Engineering - The skill of crafting effective prompts for desired AI output.

  • Hallucination - When an AI confidently generates false information.

  • Token - The smallest unit of text an LLM processes.

  • Temperature - A parameter controlling the randomness or creativity of an AI's response.

  • Transformer - A neural network architecture effective for language tasks, using self-attention.

  • Multimodal Model - An AI capable of processing and generating multiple data types (text, images, audio).

  • Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) - A method connecting an LLM to external sources for improved accuracy.

  • Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) - Theoretical AI with human-level intelligence across all tasks.

  • Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) - AI designed for a single, specific task (current AI).

  • Natural Language Processing (NLP) - AI focusing on computers understanding and generating human language.

  • Computer Vision - AI that enables computers to interpret visual information.

  • Chatbot - A software application that mimics human conversation.

One of these jargon terms, prompt, is used extensively as the term for a way to communicate with chatbots.  There is a fast-growing industry of people "developing" and selling prompt systems. Some of these specialized prompts are being characterized as "secret"  or "perfect." There is already a huge number of YouTube.com videos promoting and selling different "prompt solutions" and yes, there are a number of videos touting genealogy ai prompts. Some of the suggested prompts run into multiple pages of text single spaced. 

So, I asked Google Gemini if specialized prompts get a better or more complete response.  The answer was yes. Here is what the summary said. 
While I can certainly answer simple questions, providing me with specific instructions, context, and constraints acts like giving me a focused searchlight instead of a floodlight, resulting in a more precise, detailed, and complete output tailored exactly to your needs.
The question at the end of the full response from Gemini, was this:
Is there a specific topic or type of information you are currently working on where I could help you formulate a more specialized prompt?
Here is one of Gemini's suggestions:

Components of an Effective Specialized Prompt

ComponentDescriptionExample Phrase
Goal/TaskWhat you want me to do."Generate a summary..."
Context/TopicThe specific subject matter."...about the impact of the printing press on 16th-century literacy rates."
AudienceWho the information is for."Explain this as if you are talking to a middle school student."
Format/LengthHow the answer should be structured."Use a bulleted list, starting with a strong topic sentence."
ToneThe desired feeling or style."Adopt a persuasive and optimistic tone."
The initial key word is "generate." Using prompts is almost second nature to me because I have been "talking" to computers for years using instructions, programming, queries, and search terms.  I guess my answer to my own question in the title of this post would be a qualified yes. Would any of the videos help you get better responses from a chatbot? I would suggest you might get better feedback from the chatbot itself by simply asking it if there is a better way to ask a question. I asked Gemini and it gave me a long free answer.

es, absolutely! Here is a versatile, high-detail prompt template designed to maximize the completeness and quality of my response, especially for complex or multi-step tasks.


📝 High-Detail Prompt Template (The R-T-C-F Method)

This method breaks your request into four key areas: Role, Task, Context/Constraints, and Format.

SectionPurposeExample Instructions
1. 🎭 Role (R)Sets my persona and knowledge base."Act as a senior financial analyst specializing in emerging markets."
2. 🎯 Task (T)Defines the core action required."Your task is to evaluate the risk profile of investing in lithium mining operations in South America."
3. 🛑 Constraints (C)Imposes limitations or necessary details."Focus only on Chile and Argentina. Cite data from 2020-2024. Do not discuss regulatory risk."
4. 🛠️ Format (F)Specifies the desired output structure."Present the analysis as a comparison table with three columns: Country, Production Volume, and Key Risk Factor. Conclude with a two-sentence summary."

➡️ Template Structure for You to Copy and Fill In

Markdown
**[1. ROLE]** Act as a [Specific Role/Expertise].
**[2. TASK]** Your primary task is to [Specific Action Verb and Goal].
**[3. CONTEXT & CONSTRAINTS]**
* **Topic Focus:** [The exact subject matter.]
* **Scope Limits:** [What should be included and, crucially, what should be excluded.]
* **Depth/Timeframe:** [Level of detail required or historical period to cover.]
**[4. FORMAT]**
* **Structure:** [e.g., Use a numbered list, a table, a 5-paragraph essay.]
* **Tone/Style:** [e.g., Technical, persuasive, conversational, academic.]
* **Length:** [e.g., Limit to 400 words, provide exactly 5 steps.]

✨ Example of a Completed Specialized Prompt

[1. ROLE] Act as a university-level computer science professor.

[2. TASK] Your primary task is to explain the concept of time complexity in algorithms.

[3. CONTEXT & CONSTRAINTS]

  • Topic Focus: Big O notation, specifically $O(n^2)$ and $O(\log n)$.

  • Scope Limits: Do not discuss space complexity or linked lists. Use Python code examples.

  • Depth/Timeframe: Explain the concepts using a simple, real-world analogy before presenting the code.

    [4. FORMAT]

  • Structure: Use three distinct sections: Analogy, Code Example $O(n^2)$, and Code Example $O(\log n)$.

  • Tone/Style: Educational and clear.

  • Length: Keep the entire response under 500 words.

Do I thnk all this would improve my interaction with chatbots? Maybe, but I already get the answers I need and ask for just using my own computer-speak. Hmm, maybe I should have tried to sell all the information I got from asking Gemini?

The whole idea here is that if you have a question and you don't get the answer you expected, ask your chatbot to tell you how to ask the question. You don't really need to watch YouTube videos or pay for the information unless you are already paying for a chatbot. 

Tuesday, November 11, 2025

Living with the Kurzweil's Rule of the Law of Accelerating Returns


Here is an illustration of Kurzweil's Rule:

Ray Kurzweil's Law of Accelerating Returns (LOAR) is a concept asserting that the rate of change and progress in a wide variety of evolutionary systems, particularly technology, tends to increase exponentially, contrary to the common human intuition of linear growth. 

The Law of Accelerating Returns was primarily introduced and detailed by Ray Kurzweil in his influential works. Here is a list of some of the books by Kurzweil and others.

Kurzweil, Ray, and Diane Jaroch. 1990. The Age of Intelligent Machines. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Kurzweil, Ray. 1999. The Age of Spiritual Machines : When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence. New York: Viking.

Kurzweil, Ray. 2005. The Singularity Is near : When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Viking.

Kurzweil, Ray. 2024. The Singularity Is Nearer : When We Merge with AI. [New York]: Viking.

At the time of this post, the online app with the fastest user adoption rate is Threads.com, which reached 100 million users in less than five days. Before Threads, the record holder was ChatGPT.com, which reached 100 million monthly active users in approximately two months. The adoption of generative AI more than doubled between 2023 and 2024, rising from 33% to 71%. AI is only one aspect of the overall technology. See The state of AI in 2025: Agents, innovation, and transformation.

As a historical information based pursuit, genealogy is broadly impacted by technological change. Technology has dramatically transformed genealogy by making research faster, more accessible, and more accurate. Developments such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, massive online databases, and DNA testing have allowed genealogists to discover family histories with a level of detail and efficiency that was previously unimaginable. See Unraveling the Past: AI and the Evolution of Genealogy

I was first involved with computers in 1969/1970 learning to program the main frame computer in the engineering department of the University of Utah. I was majoring in linguistics. I bought my first computer, an Apple II, in about 1978,  I first saw the World Wide Web or internet, at a local community college in Scottsdale, Arizona in 1990 when there were reported to be six "websites." By that time I had been working on my own genealogy for eight years. As I have watched all the developments, I have been impressed by how fast they are coming over time. I now get notice of technological advancements that will directly impact genealogy many times every week such as announcements in metalenses (which is even a new word). See Dielectric metalens for miniaturized imaging systems: progress and challenges Current advances have begun to have commercial applicability. See From performance to structure: a comprehensive survey of advanced metasurface design for next-generation imaging.

Metalenses will indirectly benefit genealogy through future advancements in related technologies like: 
High-resolution imaging for digitizing historical documents and images, enhanced optical character recognition (OCR) for automatically reading difficult-to-access handwritten records and also creating compact, powerful scanning devices that could be used for preserving physical documents. 

Most of the online genealogy companies are implementing AI-based features that will also impact genealogists directly. I expect that applying these new advances may finally help genealogy from being viewed as stogy and only for old people. 

Meanwhile, I will continue to try to translate new developments into understandable concepts. 

Thursday, November 6, 2025

Protecting Trust in Historical Images from the Coalition for Responsible AI in Genealogy


 https://craigen.org/protecting-trust-in-historical-images/

Let's say you are now on FamilySearch.org looking at your part of the FamilyTree and discover that someone has posted a Memory of a "photo" of your great-great-great grandmother who died in 1834. You begin to wonder where this image came from. Obviously, with the now not-so-new availability almost anyone can ask for generated images from dozens, perhaps hundreds, of online apps including such well-known apps such as Photoshop, ChatGPT, and many others. 

Here is a sample image generated from Adobe Firefly.


I should hope my ancestors were rich enough to look like this. Anyway, it might help to note that photography, especially color photography, did not exist in the 1700s. However, anyone can totally disreagard historical accuracy and generate almost anything you can imagine. Because of what is happening in the AI world of image and video generation, the Coalition for Responsible AI in Genealogy (CRAIGEN.org) has been working on establishing some basic principles for using generated images and for using AI in general. If you are a genealogist and have any idea of the historical problems arising from the improper use of AI not only to generate images but also to alter historical images, documents and artifacts, you should click on the link to the website and review the Guiding Principles and Statements. You might also want to read some of the Education articles. We will be posting more information and articles as well as writing blog posts and doing videos on thes subjects raised on the website. 


Wednesday, November 5, 2025

Understanding FamilySearch GEDCOM Updated


 https://gedcom.io/

GEDCOM stands for GEnealogical Data Communication and is a file format for exchanging family tree data between different genealogy software programs. It acts as a universal translator, allowing users to export their family history data from one application and import it into another, ensuring compatibility and data transfer without losing information like names, dates, and relationships. GEDCOM files can also serve as a backup for your research.  See https://www.familysearch.org/en/gedcom/

The original GEDCOM specification was released in 1984, and the last update to it was version 5.5 in 1996 with an incremental upgrade to version 5.5.1 released in 2019. The latest version of the GEDCOM specification is FamilySearch GEDCOM 7.0, which was first released in May 2021. The most recent minor release is version 7.0.16, dated March 18, 2025. See https://gedcom.io/about/

Key features of version 7.0 include:

  • Modern character encoding, requiring UTF-8 throughout, which better supports international character sets.
  • Improved multimedia handling through "GEDZip," a standard zip format that packages genealogical data with associated photos and other files.
  • Expanded and more versatile notes with support for text styling and formatting.
  • Removal of ambiguities present in the previous standard, GEDCOM 5.5.1.
  • Introduction of semantic versioning and a public GitHub repository to manage maintenance and future development.
What is the difference between the FamilySearch GEDCOM standard and an app or program?

FamilySearch GEDCOM is a standard file format for storing and exchanging genealogical data. It is a text-based file (with a .ged or .gdz extension) that uses specific tags and structure to define genealogical information (names, dates, places, relationships, sources, etc.). Think of GEDCOM as the universal language for family trees.  Its primary purpose is to enable the exchange and transfer of family tree data between different genealogy software programs and websites. It ensures that data exported from one system can be understood and imported by another. FamilySearch developed the original GEDCOM standard and continues to steward new versions (like the current FamilySearch GEDCOM 7.0) to improve compatibility and add new features, such as the ability to package associated media files. 

FamilySearch GEDZip is an added feature of the FamilySearch GEDCOM specification. A standard zip archive file is formatted to combine existing Family Tree data with external images and other files. The FamilySearch GEDZip file can be unzipped after transfer, making the genealogical data and associated external files available together in a different software product. The exact procedures for importing or exporting files will vary according to the individual software product’s implementation of the FamilySearch GEDCOM specification. See GEDCOM 7.0 FAQ

A genealogy app or program (such as RootsMagic, Family Tree Maker, Ancestry, etc.) is the software application you use to build, view, manage, and analyze your family tree data. This is the tool with the graphical user interface (GUI) that allows you to input, edit, visualize, and generate reports from your family data. See https://www.sog.org.uk/education/learning-hub/guides-tips/family-history-software/

Apps offer features that the simple GEDCOM file does not, such as robust data entry forms, complex chart generation, direct searching of online record databases, image management, synchronization features, and advanced reporting. Genealogy programs rely on the GEDCOM standard to export your family tree data into a transportable file and to import data from other users or sites. While a program's internal database may store more proprietary information or structure the data differently, the GEDCOM file acts as the standard interchange layer. See What is a GEDCOM file?

If you are a programmer or a developer, you can participate in the ongoing discussion about the development of future releases of the FamilySearch GEDCOM standard at FamilySearch/GEDCOM

Note: The FamilySearch GEDCOM Steering Committee is the group that manages and guides the evolution of the FamilySearch GEDCOM standard, meeting regularly to discuss issues and pull requests for the project's repositories. Their role is similar to other steering committees: they help align the standard with its objectives, resolve conflicts and issues that arise, and make decisions about its future direction, ensuring it continues to be a practical data structure for exchanging genealogical information. See GEDCOM Steering Committee 

Saturday, November 1, 2025

Expanded links on FamilySearch.org


FamilySearch.org

When you scroll down to the bottom of the FamilySearch.org website's you will see the following list of links. 


The "Site Map" link is an outline of the main parts of the website. I doubt that many of my readers ever looked at or used the Site Map. Here is a screen shot of the Site Map. 


You might was to spend some time clicking around on the Site Map. You may have some surprises. 

Now, by clicking on the More arrow that I have outlined above in red, at the bottom of some of the pages on the FamilySearch.org website, you can now see this expanded list of links to topics including links to other websites.  The new list does not have a name, but it contains even more helpful links. The list is above at the beginning of this post.

I suggest that you might want to familiarize yourself with each of the links. You might be additionally surprised at what is now found there. The list is also different for those who are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and those who are not and/or are not registered on the website. You might also note that some of the links are the same between the two lists. You might also view some of the items in both lists that can act as shortcuts to some of the lesser used features of the website. 

Have some fun clicking around.